Disputed Emptiness: Vimalamitra’s M?dhyamika Interpretation of the Heart Sutra in the Light of His Criticism on Other Schools

The *?ryaprajñ?p?ramit?h?daya??k? (hereafter PHT), Vimalamitra’s (ca. the 8th- to 9th cent.) commentary on long Heart Sutra HS), is not merely a words and phrases of HS, but it also refers criticizes non-Buddhist schools other within Buddhism. However, due its textual situation, namely, original Sanskrit being lost remains only as Tibetan translation, discussion there has always been well understood. In particular, suggested in recent years that Vimalamitra endorsed Yog?c?ra perspective PHT. this paper, I will primarily examine interpretation famous four sets phrases, such “r?pa (form) emptiness/empty” PHT, clarify understanding key Buddhist concepts “emptiness” or “dependent origination”. doing so, argue PHT written sorely from Madhyamaka perspective, schools, including Yog?c?ra. Furthermore, by comparison with writings Kamala??la, an older contemporary Vimalamitra, further his position M?dhyamika adherent. Finally, discuss significance those philosophical arguments modern readers HS.